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氢氧化锂为白色单斜细小结晶。有辣味。强碱性。在空气中能吸收二氧化碳和水分。溶于水,微溶于乙醇,不溶于乙醚。1mol/L溶液的pH约为14。相对密度1.51。熔点471℃(无水)。沸点925℃(分解)。有腐蚀性。
用途
氢氧化锂可用做光谱分析的展开剂、润滑油。碱性蓄电池电解质的添加剂,可增加电容量12%~15%,提高使用寿命2~3倍。
可用做二氧化碳的吸收剂,可净化潜艇内的空气。
化学方程式为:2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)=Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l)。
用于制锂盐及锂基润滑脂,碱性蓄电池的电解液,溴化锂制冷机吸收液等;石油、化工、轻工、核工业等用。用于碱性蓄电池时,铝含量不大于0.06%,铅含量不大于0.01%。用作分析试剂、照相显影剂,也用于锂的制造;要用作制取锂化合物的原料。也可用于冶金、石油、玻璃、陶瓷等工业。
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