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十二水合硫酸铝钾,又称:明矾、白矾、钾矾、钾铝矾、钾明矾,是含有结晶水的硫酸钾和硫酸铝的复盐。无色立方晶体,外表常呈八面体,或与立方体、菱形十二面体形成聚形,有时以{111}面附于容器壁上而形似六方板状,属于α型明矾类复盐,有玻璃光泽。密度1.757g/cm3,熔点92.5℃。92.5℃时失去9个分子结晶水,200℃时失去12个分子结晶水,溶于水,不溶于乙醇。明矾性味酸涩,寒,有毒。故有抗菌作用、收敛作用等,可用做中药。明矾还可用于制备铝盐、发酵粉、油漆、鞣料、澄清剂、媒染剂、造纸、防水剂等,还可用于食品添加剂。在我们的生活中常用于净水,和做食用膨胀剂,像炸麻圆、油条里都可能含有。十二水硫酸铝钾又可以称作十二水合硫酸铝钾。
Twelve hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate, also known as: alum, alum, potassium alum, potassium alum, potassium alum, is containing water of crystallization of potassium sulfate and aluminum sulfate double salt. Taste of alum sour, cold, toxic. Therefore, it has antibacterial function, convergence, etc., can be used as Chinese medicine. Alum can also be used in the preparation of aluminum salt, baking powder, paint, tanning and clarify agent, mordant, papermaking, water proofing agent etc., but also can be used as a food additive. In our life are commonly used in water purification, and edible expansive agent, like fried Ma round, Deep-Fried Dough Sticks may contain. Twelve water also called twelve hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate potassium sulfate.
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物理性质
无色透明块状结晶或结晶性粉末,无臭,味微甜而酸涩。在干燥空气中风化失去结晶水,在潮湿空气中溶化淌水,加热至92·5℃失去9个结晶水,200℃时失去全部结晶水成为白色粉末。易溶于水,缓慢溶于甘油,不溶于乙醇,丙酮。
化学性质
其水溶液呈酸性,在水中水解生成氢氧化铝胶状沉淀。
化学数据
1.疏水参数计算参
考值(XlogP):无
2.氢键供体数量:0
3.氢键受体数量:8
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积177
7.重原子数量:12
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:62.2
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:4
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一、食用功能
明矾还可用于熬绿豆稀饭,主要作用是使绿豆更容易被煮烂但不推荐这样作原因是不好控制用量有可能中毒可以用食用碱代替。明矾还可用于制备铝盐、油漆、鞣料、媒染剂、造纸、防水剂等。
净水作用:明矾溶于水后电离产生了Al3+,Al3+与水电离产生的OHˉ结合生成了氢氧化铝,氢氧化铝胶体粒子带有正电荷,与带负电的泥沙胶粒相遇,彼此电荷被中和。失去了电荷的胶粒,很快就会聚结在一起,粒子越结越大,终于沉入水底。这样,水就变得清澈干净了。
二、药物功能
明矾性寒味酸涩,具有较强的收敛作用。中医认为,明矾具有解毒杀虫,爆湿止痒,止血止泻,清热消痰的功效抗阴道滴虫等作用。一些中医用明矾来治疗高脂血症、十二指肠溃疡、肺结核咯血等疾病。
三、工业应用
1、灭火剂
干粉灭火器内盛有约1mol/L的明矾溶液和约1mol/L的NaHCO3(小苏打)溶液(还有起泡剂),两种溶液的体积比约为11:2。明矾过量是为了使灭火器内的小苏打充分反应,释放出足量的二氧化碳,以达到灭火的目的。
2、膨化剂
炸油条(饼)或膨化食品时,若在面粉里加入小苏打后,再加入明矾,则会加快二氧化碳的产生,大大加快了膨化的速度。这样就可以使油条(饼)在热油锅中一下子就鼓起来,得到香脆可口的油条(饼)了。
3、缓冲剂
在硫酸盐镀锌中可用作缓冲剂,以稳定镀液的ph值。硫酸铝钾用于硫酸盐镀锌、刷镀锌和镁合金的化学氧化,也可用作处理污水的凝聚剂,若用于镀锌需要注意其铁和重金属的含量。
Edible function
Water purification effect: alum dissolved in water after ionization to produce Al3 +, Al3 + and water ionization of OH - combine to form the aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide colloid particle with positive charge, and with negative sediment particles meet, charges to each other is neutralized. Loss of charged colloidal particles, soon coalesced together, more and more large particles, finally sink to the bottom. In this way, the water becomes clear and clean.
Two, drug function
Alum cold sour taste, has a strong convergence effect. Chinese medicine believes that alum has insecticidal detoxification and burst the wet itching, bleeding and diarrhea, the efficacy of phlegm heat resisting vaginal trichomonad effect.
Three, industrial applications
1, fire extinguishing agent
Dry powder fire extinguishing device is filled with about 1 mol / L of alum solution and approximately 1 mol / L NaHCO3 (baking soda) solution (and foaming agent), two kinds of solution volume ratio for 11:2.
2, expanding agent
Deep fried dough cake or puffed food, if adding baking soda in the flour, add alum, speed up the carbon dioxide generated, greatly accelerated the expansion speed.
3, buffer
Can be used as a buffer in the plating bath, in order to stabilize the pH value.
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温县恒大净水材料厂
厂 址:河南温县北冷工业区
联系人:李宁
手 机:
Q Q :1903436614
邮 箱:@qq.com
网 址:https://wxhdpg.1688.com
Wenxian County Hengda water purification material factory
Factory address: Henan Wenxian County Beileng Industrial Zone
Contact: Li Ting
Hand machine:
Q Q:1903436614
Mail box: @qq.com
Website: https://wxhdpg.1688.com
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温县恒大净水材料厂
厂 址:河南温县北冷工业区
联系人:李宁
手 机:
Q Q :1903436614
邮 箱:@qq.com
网 址:https://wxhdpg.1688.com